interval training

This is often referred to as high intensity interval training (HIIT). It involves any form of activity that alternates higher intensity (such as 30-60 seconds all out) with periods of lower intensity. The rest interval can be passive (not moving, resting) or active ("recovery pace"). You can do interval training on a bike, treadmill, or even sprints outside.
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A typical set-up might be a 5 minute warm-up followed by 15 repeats of 15 seconds near maximum intensity alternated with 45 seconds low intensity activity, followed by a 5 minute cool-down. This is not ideal for beginners.
The Advantages To This Protocol Are:
It leads to greater fat loss over the long run because of the Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption and it is very time efficient.
The Disadvantages Of This Type Of Training Are:
This type of training is very taxing, so if you do it on the same day as resistance training, either your workout or your cardio will suffer. Secondly, this protocol is inappropriate for beginners or people with low cardiovascular capacity.
Lastly, if you're going longer than 15 seconds, you'll develop lactic acid in the working muscles, and chances are, you'll get Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness the next day.
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